Finance
Terms used in accounting and financial planning.
21 terms
- Accounts payable
- Amounts owed to suppliers, and the work of checking and paying those invoices.
- Accounts receivable
- Amounts owed by customers, and the work of recording and collecting them.
- Accrual
- Recognizing income or an expense in the period it relates to, even when payment happens at another time.
- Average transaction value
- Sales value divided by the number of transactions during a period.
- CAPEX
- Capital expenditure: spending to acquire or improve assets expected to serve the business beyond the current period.
- ERP
- Enterprise resource planning: software that connects activities such as purchasing, inventory and finance through shared records.
- Gross margin
- The share of revenue remaining after the cost of goods sold has been deducted.
- Markdown
- A reduction from a product's previous selling price.
- Month-end close
- The checks and accounting work used to complete a month's financial records.
- Open-to-buy
- The remaining inventory purchasing budget for a period, based on planned sales, stock and existing commitments.
- OPEX
- Operating expenditure: the ongoing costs of running a business.
- P&L
- Profit and loss: a financial view of revenue, costs and the resulting profit or loss over a period.
- Procurement
- Obtaining goods or services through supplier selection, purchasing and related controls.
- Reconciliation
- Comparing records and investigating differences so balances or transactions can be accounted for.
- ROI
- Return on investment: a measure comparing the return from an investment with its cost.
- S&OP
- Sales and operations planning: a regular process for aligning demand, supply and financial plans.
- SAP
- A business software provider whose products support activities such as finance, procurement and inventory.
- Sell-through
- The proportion of available or received stock sold during a stated period; the stock basis must be specified.
- Variance analysis
- Examining the difference between actual results and a budget, forecast or other comparison, and explaining its causes.